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Biomechanical studies of knee jointarthroplasty
Zděblo, Jakub ; Valášek, Jiří (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
The presented diploma thesis deals with stress-strain analysis of the intact human knee joint and the knee joint after reconstruction using fixation plate. Finite element method is used to determine the biomechanical response of the knee under loading with the FE software Ansys. The three-dimensional finite element model is consisted of bony structures (femur and tibia) which were created using computed tomography (CT) data, articular cartilages and both menisci. Model of the locking plate (LCP) was created based on producer's technical guide. Three models of the knee joint with LCP fixation plate are created for three different sizes of condylar fragment based on the intact model. On all variants is applied loading corresponding to maximum loading in a gait cycle. The results show that reconstruction of the knee joint with locking plate has no effect on changing in contact pressure on tibial plateau.
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The utilization of isokinetic dynamometer for the measurement and evaluation of muscle strength of lower limbs in athletes
Přidalová, Tereza ; Janoušek, Oto (referee) ; Chlíbková, Daniela (advisor)
Izokinetická dynamometrie je moderní metodou pro hodnocení svalové síly. Nejvíce se využívá pro posouzení tréninkového efektu během určitého období a pro rehabilitační účely. Kliničtí lékaři, vědci a fyzioterapeuti obvykle využívají pouze základních parametrů pro vyhodnocení svalové síly. Cílem této práce je tedy navrhnout alternativní přístup pro interpretaci dat a předložit možné využití a limitace této metody. Byl měřen moment síly v kolenním kloubu a následně provedena datová analýza. Patnáct parametrů je využito pro vyhodnocení dat. Moment síly byl porovnán mezi profesionálními sportovci (muži: 111.1 ± 51.0 [Nm/kg], ženy: 99.6 ± 90.8 [Nm/kg]) a amatérskými sportovci (muži: 146.2 ± 40.1 [Nm/kg], ženy: 45.3 ± 14.6 [Nm/kg]). Vztah byl pozorován mezi parametry úhlové pozice maxima a dobou od dosažení maxima do konce pohybu (flexe: = 0.65, extenze: = 0.71) a mezi úhlovou pozicí maxima a poměrem vykonané práce před maximem (flexe: = 0.91 extenze: = 0.86). Parametr práce v submaximální oblasti byl vyšší pro extenzi (median= 3.0 J) než pro flexi (median= 2.6 J).
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Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis with Hydraulic Knee
Vávra, Jan ; Robenek, Dětřich (referee) ; Koutný, Daniel (advisor)
This master thesis deals with the engineering design of a knee-ankle orthosis and subsequent implementation of a functional sample. The subject of the first part of the thesis is the design of internal shape of the shell on the basis of the patient's leg using CAD software. The second part deals with the design of the hydraulic knee. The knee joint with hydraulic controlled bending enables easier movement for patients who are not able to bring up stairs and uneven surfaces than existing joints. In the implementation was used SolidWorks 2012 and Geomagic Studio 12.
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Design of Simulator for Friction Analysis in a Knee Joint
Dobrovolná, Lucie ; Studený, Zbyněk (referee) ; Sedlák, Josef (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the construction of a device simulating the kinematics of the knee joint. Boundary conditions are inspired by the ISO 14243-3 standard and are based on the selection of suitable components. The simulator will be able to record the course of the coefficient of friction between the cartilage forming the translational motion, the CoCr head forming the rotational motion and the pressing force, thus helping to better understand the biotribological processes between the selected surfaces. The design must be developed with respect to the relative movement of components, sample material and lubrication. The introductory part of the text deals with an overview of current knowledge, which serves as the main input to the creation of the structure. Based on the research part, several conceptual solutions are created in the field of construction and method of friction measurement. The resulting solution is selected from the proposed concepts, which meets predetermined conditions and contains specific drives and sensors.
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Synchronization and practical use of isokinetic dynamometer with surface electromyography unit
Špaková, Adriána ; Hanák, Petr (referee) ; Šťastný, Jan (advisor)
The bachelor's thesis deals with a design proposal for the solution of synchronization of an isokinetic dynamometer with a surface electromyography unit, and subsequently performs the realization of their synchronization. These devices are used as diagnostic and therapeutic medical technique and in practice are standardly used separately. It is expected that by using them simultaneously would be possible to obtain more detailed information about the condition of the examined individual. Synchronized devices can thus be useful, for example, for the analysis of muscle performance of patients with neuromuscular diseases or athletes who want to improve their quality of life after suffering an injury or plan comeback to their favourite activity. After successful synchronization, the work is focused on testing the muscle activity of flexors and extensors of the knee joint of athletes. Measurements were performed on healthy subjects as well as those who had suffered knee injuries in the past. The measured signals were processed, and the measurement results were interpreted. The work includes the elaboration of all the goals based on its assignment, including the main idea of the work, what is the successful synchronization of the isokinetic dynamometer with the surface electromyography unit and their practical use.
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Determining the range of human joints motion using accelerometer data
Toláš, Štěpán ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on determining the range of human joints motion using accelerometeter data. The theoretical part first describes the basic kinesiology of human joints. This part is followed by chapters which contain the basic information about accelerometers and describes how obtain measurements using these sensors. The last chapter is focused on the design of an algorithm for calculation the range, velocity and path of motion written in Matlab programming environment.
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The influence of specific training on the development of muscle strength of legs
Nepožitek, Jan ; Bátorová, Michaela (referee) ; Šťastný, Jan (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the use of isokinetic dynamometry for the analysis of the effect of specific training. The introductory part of the bachelor thesis described isokinetics, history and types of muscle activities. There is also a proposal for a specific training, which the experimental group followed over the course of two months. Part of the work is to determine the measurement methodology on an isokinetics dynamometer, in which the experimental and control groups were measured before and after specific training. As part of the dynamometric testing, the muscular strength of the lower limbs in the knee joint was measured, in which the quadriceps and hind muscles were the most involved. The assumpiton was that experimental group would have an increase in muscle strength after completing a specific training. The measured values were processed in the Matlab software environment, thanks to which the individual signals and the maximum values of individual measurements were plotted. The measured values were statistically processed and evaluated using non-parametric tests. It was found that specific training had a partial effect on the development of muscle strength in the lower limbs.
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On the advanced production technology of UHMWPE joint implant part
Urbancová, Kateřina ; Sliwková, Petra (referee) ; Píška, Miroslav (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis is dealing with the problematics of individual joint replacements. The thesis summarizes the modern materials used for making artificial joint replacements, but it concentrates mainly on the plastic femoro-tibial part of the implant, usually manufactured from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. This material is the best choice when manufacturing the articulating surface of the joint replacement at the moment. The thesis pays attention to the polyethylene surface treatment, as the quality of the surface affects the wear of the plastic, which is critical for the implant lifespan. The thesis also focuses on analysis of the coefficient of friction of UHMWPE in contact with the titanium femoral component. Another part of this thesis is also a wear analysis of used tibial inserts made of UHMWPE and the mechanisms of wear.
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Research study of tumorous total endoprosthesis of knee and hip joint
Věžníková, Tereza ; Florian, Zdeněk (referee) ; Marcián, Petr (advisor)
The presented bachelor’s thesis deals with tumorous total endoprosthesis of knee and hip joint. Tumorous replacement is used in patients with bone losts due to bone tumors and for these patients it means the salvage of their limb and the possibility to live full lives. This work includes the description of the developement, types and currently used replacement after bone tumors. The significiant part of patients with bone tumors are children for whom there are growing endoprosthesis containing the expandable mechanism and thanks to this the length of the limb can be regulated. In the last part of this work the stress-strain analysis of tumorous total hip endoprosthesis is performed using computational modeling.
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